Add ak820-upload: AK820 Pro screen uploader over hidraw

Std-only Rust CLI. ffmpeg decodes any image/GIF/video to 128x128
RGB565LE frames; the upload follows a USB capture of the official
Windows software: report-ID-0 feature reports each followed by a
64-byte GET_REPORT, IMAGE sub 0x02 with chunk count, 4096-byte chunks
on interface 2 paced by the keyboard's acks on EP 0x84, then SAVE.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

8 files changed, 652 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
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+/target
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/AGENTS.md
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+# AGENTS.md
+
+Guidance for AI coding agents working in this repository.
+
+## What this is
+
+`ak820-upload`: single-file Rust CLI (`src/main.rs`, std only, no crates)
+that writes an animation to the AJAZZ AK820 Pro screen over Linux hidraw.
+ffmpeg (subprocess) decodes any input to raw RGB565LE frames; the program
+builds the payload and drives the upload. `README.md` documents the protocol.
+
+On the maintainer's machine the release binary is linked into PATH, so a
+`cargo build --release` is live immediately:
+
+    ~/bin/ak820-upload -> target/release/ak820-upload
+
+## Protocol facts (verified on hardware, do not "simplify" away)
+
+The protocol comes from a USB capture of the official Windows app. Earlier
+attempts based on community projects (gohv, ajazz-ak820-config) failed in
+instructive ways:
+
+- The 64-byte GET_REPORT after every SET_REPORT is required. Without it the
+  keyboard accepts the bytes and does nothing. A zero-length GET is rejected
+  by the kernel with EINVAL and never reaches the device.
+- Control reports go out as report ID 0 with `04` as the first data byte
+  (`wValue 0x0300`), not report ID 4.
+- IMAGE sub-command is `0x02`. Chunks are plain 4096 bytes, no filler or
+  short packet (gohv's 4123-byte chunks misalign every other chunk).
+- Chunk acks arrive on endpoint 0x84, which belongs to interface 2 (the data
+  interface), not interface 3. Wait for each ack before the next chunk.
+- Frame delay byte is in 2 ms units (app value 50 -> 0x19, 250 -> 0x7d).
+- A still image is just a 1-frame animation; there is no separate path.
+
+Interfaces by `HID_PHYS` suffix: `/input2` = data (EP 0x03 OUT, 0x84 IN),
+`/input3` = control.
+
+## Testing
+
+`cargo test` checks the packet and payload layout against the captured
+bytes. `cargo clippy --release` must stay clean. A real check needs the
+keyboard: upload a few distinct, numbered frames and watch them cycle on the
+GIF page. If an upload is interrupted the keyboard shows "loading NN%";
+replug it before retrying.
+
+## Repo facts
+
+- License: GPL-2.0-only (`LICENSE`, SPDX header in `src/main.rs`).
+- Companion repo: `video2ak820` (bash, video to GIF).
diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
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+++ b/CLAUDE.md
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+# CLAUDE.md
+
+This file is intentionally thin. AGENTS.md is the single source of truth for
+project guidance, shared across every agent tool. Edit AGENTS.md instead.
+
+@AGENTS.md
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
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+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 4
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ak820-upload"
+version = "0.1.0"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
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index 0000000..9337d11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[package]
+name = "ak820-upload"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+description = "Upload images, GIFs and videos to the AJAZZ AK820 Pro screen over hidraw"
+license = "GPL-2.0-only"
+
+[dependencies]
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
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diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..680e683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# ak820-upload
+
+Upload an image, GIF or video to the 128x128 TFT screen of the AJAZZ AK820 Pro
+keyboard from Linux, without the official Windows software or a browser.
+
+Any input ffmpeg can read works. It is center-cropped to a square, scaled to
+128x128, resampled to the chosen frame rate and capped at 255 frames, then
+written to the keyboard's stored animation (the "GIF" page, Fn + knob press
+to switch pages).
+
+## Requirements
+
+- Rust (build only, no crates)
+- ffmpeg at runtime
+- the keyboard on the USB-C cable in wired mode (VID:PID `0c45:8009`)
+- read/write access to its `/dev/hidraw*` nodes (desktop sessions usually
+  grant this through `uaccess`; otherwise add a udev rule for `0c45:8009`)
+
+## Build and usage
+
+```sh
+cargo build --release
+./target/release/ak820-upload <image|gif|video> [fps]
+```
+
+`fps` defaults to 15 and must be between 2 and 50: the keyboard stores each
+frame's delay in 2 ms units in one byte, so no frame can last longer than
+about 510 ms. At 15 fps the 255-frame limit gives about 17 seconds.
+
+## Protocol
+
+Taken from a USB capture of the official software (v1.0.0.5):
+
+1. On interface 3, feature reports with report ID 0 and 64 bytes of data:
+   `04 18` (start), then `04 72 02 .. .. .. .. .. <chunks lo> <chunks hi>`.
+   Every SET_REPORT is followed by a 64-byte GET_REPORT, without which the
+   keyboard ignores the upload.
+2. On interface 2 (interrupt OUT endpoint 0x03), the payload in 4096-byte
+   chunks. The keyboard acks each chunk with `01 5a 02` on endpoint 0x84, and
+   the next chunk is only sent after the ack.
+3. `04 02` (save) on interface 3.
+
+Payload: a 256-byte header (frame count, one delay byte per frame in 2 ms
+units, 0xFF padding), then every frame as 128x128 RGB565 little-endian, padded
+with 0xFF to a whole number of chunks.
+
+## License
+
+GPL-2.0-only. See [LICENSE](LICENSE).
+
+## Development Approach
+
+This project is developed using AI-assisted tools. Code is generated with the help of AI based on human-provided specifications, design decisions, and iterative feedback.
+
+All contributions are reviewed, tested, and curated by the maintainer before being included in the codebase. AI is used as a productivity and exploration tool, while human oversight remains central to all decisions.
+
+The goal is to combine the flexibility of AI-assisted development with standard open-source practices such as transparency, review, and accountability.
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe2e00d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 Danilo M. <danix@danix.xyz>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+//
+// Upload an image, GIF or video to the AJAZZ AK820 Pro 128x128 screen over
+// Linux hidraw. The protocol below was taken from a USB capture of the
+// official Windows software (v1.0.0.5) uploading a 3-frame GIF.
+
+use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+use std::process::{Command, exit};
+use std::thread::sleep;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+const HID_ID: &str = "HID_ID=0003:00000C45:00008009";
+const CONTROL_IFACE: &str = "/input3";
+const DATA_IFACE: &str = "/input2";
+
+const FRAME_BYTES: usize = 128 * 128 * 2; // RGB565 little-endian
+const CHUNK: usize = 4096; // sent as 64 full USB packets, no short packet
+const HEADER: usize = 256; // frame count + one delay byte per frame, 0xFF padded
+const MAX_FRAMES: usize = 255; // frame count is a u8 in the header
+// Captured: 50 ms in the app -> 0x19, 250 ms -> 0x7d. Max ~510 ms per frame.
+const DELAY_UNIT_MS: u32 = 2;
+
+const CMD_START: u8 = 0x18;
+const CMD_IMAGE: u8 = 0x72;
+const CMD_SAVE: u8 = 0x02;
+
+unsafe extern "C" {
+    fn ioctl(fd: i32, req: u64, ...) -> i32;
+    fn poll(fds: *mut PollFd, n: u64, timeout_ms: i32) -> i32;
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct PollFd {
+    fd: i32,
+    events: i16,
+    revents: i16,
+}
+
+// HIDIOC[SG]FEATURE(len) = _IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE, 'H', 0x06/0x07, len)
+fn hidioc(nr: u64, len: usize) -> u64 {
+    (3 << 30) | ((len as u64) << 16) | ((b'H' as u64) << 8) | nr
+}
+
+fn die(msg: impl std::fmt::Display) -> ! {
+    eprintln!("ak820-upload: {msg}");
+    exit(1)
+}
+
+/// Find the keyboard's hidraw node for one USB interface.
+fn open_iface(iface: &str) -> File {
+    let dir = std::fs::read_dir("/sys/class/hidraw").unwrap_or_else(|e| die(e));
+    for entry in dir.flatten() {
+        let uevent = std::fs::read_to_string(entry.path().join("device/uevent")).unwrap_or_default();
+        if uevent.contains(HID_ID) && uevent.lines().any(|l| l.starts_with("HID_PHYS=") && l.ends_with(iface)) {
+            let dev = format!("/dev/{}", entry.file_name().to_string_lossy());
+            return OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(true).open(&dev)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|e| die(format!("{dev}: {e}")));
+        }
+    }
+    die("AK820 Pro not found. Connect it with the USB-C cable in wired mode.")
+}
+
+/// Feature report buffer: report ID 0, then the 64-byte packet
+/// [0x04, cmd, sub, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, lo, hi, 0...].
+fn control(cmd: u8, sub: u8, arg: u16) -> [u8; 65] {
+    let mut p = [0u8; 65];
+    p[1] = 0x04;
+    p[2] = cmd;
+    p[3] = sub;
+    p[9] = arg as u8;
+    p[10] = (arg >> 8) as u8;
+    p
+}
+
+/// SET_REPORT, then the 64-byte GET_REPORT read-back the app always follows
+/// it with. Without the read-back the keyboard ignores the upload.
+fn send_control(ctl: &File, pkt: [u8; 65]) {
+    let fd = ctl.as_raw_fd();
+    if unsafe { ioctl(fd, hidioc(0x06, pkt.len()), pkt.as_ptr()) } < 0 {
+        die(format!("control packet {:#04x}: {}", pkt[2], std::io::Error::last_os_error()));
+    }
+    sleep(Duration::from_millis(40));
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 65]; // buf[0] = report ID 0
+    if unsafe { ioctl(fd, hidioc(0x07, buf.len()), buf.as_mut_ptr()) } < 0 {
+        die(format!("read-back after {:#04x}: {}", pkt[2], std::io::Error::last_os_error()));
+    }
+    sleep(Duration::from_millis(40));
+}
+
+/// Wait for the keyboard's per-chunk ack (an input report on the control
+/// endpoint 0x84 of the data interface, `01 5a 02 ...`).
+fn wait_ack(dat: &mut File, chunk: usize) {
+    let mut pfd = PollFd { fd: dat.as_raw_fd(), events: 1, revents: 0 };
+    if unsafe { poll(&mut pfd, 1, 2000) } <= 0 {
+        die(format!("no ack from the keyboard for chunk {chunk}"));
+    }
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 64];
+    let _ = dat.read(&mut buf);
+}
+
+/// Header + frames, padded with 0xFF to whole chunks.
+fn payload(frames: &[u8], delay_ms: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let n = frames.len() / FRAME_BYTES;
+    let mut out = vec![0xffu8; HEADER];
+    out[0] = n as u8;
+    out[1..=n].fill((delay_ms / DELAY_UNIT_MS).clamp(1, 255) as u8);
+    out.extend_from_slice(frames);
+    out.resize(out.len().div_ceil(CHUNK) * CHUNK, 0xff);
+    out
+}
+
+/// Decode any ffmpeg-readable input to raw 128x128 RGB565LE frames.
+fn decode(input: &str, fps: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let vf = format!("fps={fps},crop='min(iw,ih)':'min(iw,ih)',scale=128:128:flags=lanczos");
+    let out = Command::new("ffmpeg")
+        .args(["-v", "error", "-i", input, "-vf", &vf, "-frames:v"])
+        .arg(MAX_FRAMES.to_string())
+        .args(["-f", "rawvideo", "-pix_fmt", "rgb565le", "-"])
+        .output()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| die(format!("ffmpeg: {e}")));
+    if !out.status.success() || out.stdout.len() < FRAME_BYTES {
+        die(format!("ffmpeg failed on {input}: {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stderr).trim()));
+    }
+    out.stdout
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().skip(1).collect();
+    let (input, fps) = match args.as_slice() {
+        [i] => (i.as_str(), 15),
+        [i, f] => (i.as_str(), f.parse().ok().filter(|f| (2..=50).contains(f))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| die("fps must be 2..50 (max frame time is ~510 ms)"))),
+        _ => die("usage: ak820-upload <image|gif|video> [fps, default 15]"),
+    };
+
+    let frames = decode(input, fps);
+    let n = frames.len() / FRAME_BYTES;
+    let data = payload(&frames, 1000 / fps);
+    let chunks = data.len() / CHUNK;
+
+    let ctl = open_iface(CONTROL_IFACE);
+    let mut dat = open_iface(DATA_IFACE);
+    eprintln!("uploading {n} frame(s), {chunks} chunks");
+
+    // START -> IMAGE sub 2 (chunk count) -> chunks -> SAVE.
+    send_control(&ctl, control(CMD_START, 0, 0));
+    send_control(&ctl, control(CMD_IMAGE, 2, chunks as u16));
+
+    let mut report = vec![0u8; 1 + CHUNK]; // leading 0 = unnumbered output report
+    for (i, chunk) in data.chunks(CHUNK).enumerate() {
+        report[1..].copy_from_slice(chunk);
+        dat.write_all(&report).unwrap_or_else(|e| die(format!("chunk {i}: {e}")));
+        wait_ack(&mut dat, i);
+        eprint!("\r{}/{chunks}", i + 1);
+    }
+    eprintln!();
+
+    send_control(&ctl, control(CMD_SAVE, 0, 0));
+    eprintln!("done");
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn layout() {
+        // Bytes as captured from the official app.
+        let c = control(CMD_IMAGE, 2, 0x19);
+        assert_eq!(&c[..11], &[0, 0x04, 0x72, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x19, 0]);
+
+        // 3 frames at 50 ms: 25 chunks, header 03 19 19 19 ff.
+        let three = payload(&vec![0u8; 3 * FRAME_BYTES], 50);
+        assert_eq!(three.len(), 25 * CHUNK);
+        assert_eq!(&three[..5], &[3, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0xff]);
+        assert_eq!(three[HEADER], 0);
+        assert_eq!(three[HEADER + 3 * FRAME_BYTES], 0xff);
+
+        let one = payload(&vec![0u8; FRAME_BYTES], 66);
+        assert_eq!(&one[..3], &[1, 33, 0xff]);
+        assert_eq!(one.len(), 9 * CHUNK);
+    }
+}